The 1910 World Missionary Conference, or the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, was held June 14 to 23, 1910. Some have seen it as both the culmination of nineteenth-century Protestant Christian missions and the formal beginning of the modern Protestant Christian ecumenical movement.
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Major Protestant denominations and missionary societies, predominantly from North America and Northern Europe, sent 1,200 representatives to Edinburgh, Scotland. Delegation was based on the annual expenditure of the missionary societies; one hundred additional special delegates were appointed by the British, Continental, and American Executive Committees. No Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic missionary organizations were invited.
Lord Balfour of the Church of Scotland, a former Unionist cabinet minister, was the President of the World Missionary Conference. American John R. Mott, an American Methodist layperson and leader of both the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions and the World Student Christian Federation, chaired its proceedings. The main organiser was Joseph Oldham, a leader in the British Student Christian Movement. The conference was held in the Assembly Hall of the United Free Church of Scotland.
Before the conference convened, eight assigned commissions, each with twenty members, conducted two years of research on their assigned topic. Each commission produced a single volume report, which was distributed to all of the delegates before they headed to Scotland and discussed at the assembly during the Conference.
The Eight Commissions and their date of presentation at the Conference are as follows:
A ninth volume, containing the proceedings and major speeches, was published after the conclusion of the Conference.
The spirit of the Conference was driven by the watchword of the Protestant Christian Missionary community at the time: "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." Thus, sentiments of obligation and urgency drove many of the commission reports, discussions and speeches at the Conference. A call to unity among Protestant missionaries was also a common desire expressed at the Conference, although no common liturgy was celebrated among the delegates while in Edinburgh.
Although the World Missionary Conference convened as a discursive enterprise, a vote was carried to establish a Continuation Committee when Commission VIII's report was presented. In the next few years, members of this committee, under the direction of John Mott, headed to India, Burma, Malaysia, China, Korea, and Japan to gather information. The work of the Continuation Committee was interrupted by World War I, but formed the foundation for the establishment of the International Missionary Council, established in 1921. Later, in 1948, the World Council of Churches formed.
In celebration of its 100-year anniversary, a new World Missionary Conference was slated for Edinburgh in 2010. Like the 1910 original, it was preceded by discussions on reports written by nine appointed study groups. There was a delegate conference in Edinburgh from 2–6 June 2010, which included representatives of the Evangelical, Protestant, Orthodox and Pentecostal churches, and the Roman Catholic Church. It produced a Common Call to mission.[1] Recognising the global nature of modern Christianity and the wide appreciation of the Edinburgh 2010 legacy across churches and mission bodies, many other events and study processes have been taking place throughout the year. The whole process is co-ordinated through the Edinburgh 2010 website, where documents, videos, photos, etc. are available.[2]
Also in 2010, three other major conferences have been or will be held to commemorate Edinburgh 1910. The first was held in Tokyo as a gathering of global mission leaders, from May 11-14th, called the Global Mission Consultation.[3] The next gathering, the Lausanne movement will be held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 16–25 October 2010.[4] The third will be held in Boston, from November 4–7.[5] Each of these four gatherings will reflect on the significance and outcomes of Edinburgh 1910 over the last century, as well as look to the future of the Church's global mission in the century ahead. The meetings in Edinburgh and Boston are more ecumenical in representation, and the meetings in Tokyo and Capetown are primarily evangelical. The Tokyo meeting was organized and designed for evangelical mission leaders, and the Capetown meeting was organized and designed for a broad representation of Church and mission leaders.